Oligocene Dawn Baleen Whales in Mexico (Cetacea, Eomysticetidae) and Palaeobiogeographic Notes
Resumen
Eomysticetids are an extinct basal taxon of baleen whales (Mysticeti: Chaeomysticeti - ‘true whales’), which appeared during
the Oligocene and reflected a transitional stage between the origin of baleen and the loss of teeth, a trait that characterizes extant
baleen whales. The eomysticetids are recognized as a diverse and widely distributed lineage with a rich record in the Australasia
region (Australia and New Zealand). Several features of their palaeobiology, such as ontogenetic growth and ecological feeding,
have been discussed; however, traits related to their biogeography and inherent speciation (origin and extinction) have only been
briefly reviewed. In this context, the present study addresses biogeographic aspects based on a new fossil from the eastern North
Pacific belonging to the records of the El Cien Formation of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Our description and phylogenetic analysis
classify this new specimen of eomysticetid within the genus Eomysticetus (cf. Eomysticetus sp.). In addition, we identify the biogeographic
relationship between the (eastern) North Pacific and the (western) North Atlantic, which indicates a possible exchange
of their Oligocene cetacean faunas. Furthermore, the presence of the Gaarlandia terrestrial arc during the Oligocene indicate
vicariance events, which likely led to allopatric speciation within Eomysticetidae in the North Hemisphere. Lastly, the Oligocene
cetacean fossil record from Baja California Sur, unique in Mexico, might explain several aspects of the eomysticetids palaeobiology,
considering the several unnamed specimens housed in the local collections.
Palabras clave
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Paleontología Mexicana, Vol. 13, núm. 1, 15 de enero de 2024, es una publicación semestral (enero y julio) editada por la Unidad Editorial del Instituto de Geología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México, CDMX. El editor en jefe es el Dr. Josep Anton Moreno Bedmar, CE josepamb@geologia.unam.mx y la editora técnica es la Mtra. Sandra Ramos, sandraram@geologia.unam.mx. Reserva de derechos al uso exclusivo No. 04-2022-072810185500-102, ISSN (revista impresa): 0185-478X, e-ISSN (versión electrónica): 2007-5189, ISSN-L: 0543-7652. http://www.ojs-igl.unam.mx/index.php/Paleontologia/index. https://twitter.com/paleontologiam Fecha de la última modificación, 15 de junio de 2023.
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